Caldwell is a city in St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 555 at the 2010 census, an increase from 465 in 2000.Caldwell is located at 35°04′28″N 90°48′34″W / 35.074569°N 90.809510°W / 35.074569; -90.809510.According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 7.8 km², of which 7.8 km² is land and 0.1 km² is water.As of the census of 2000, there were 465 people, 174 households, and 140 families residing in the town. The population density was 59.6/km². There were 190 housing units at an average density of 24.4/km². The racial makeup of the town was 82.80% White, 15.05% Black or African American, 0.43% Native American, 1.51% Asian, and 0.22% from two or more races. 0.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.There were 174 households out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.7% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.